小细胞肺癌化疗及免疫治疗耐药机制的研究进展

Research progress on the mechanisms of chemotherapy and immunotherapy resistance in small cell lung cancer

摘要:

小细胞肺癌（SCLC）是一种高级别神经内分泌癌，以快速生长和转移为主要特点。初治SCLC患者对化疗高度敏感，以铂类为基础的化疗可显著提高其生存率。然而，大多数患者在化疗后容易产生耐药和复发，导致其预后较差。近年来，免疫治疗通过激活或增强患者自身免疫系统来识别和攻击肿瘤细胞，为SCLC的治疗提供了新的策略，但同样可能产生耐药性。因此，研究化疗及免疫治疗的耐药机制对于理解和克服耐药现象、指导临床个体化治疗依然至关重要。本文将回顾SCLC的化疗和免疫治疗及其耐药机制，以及免疫治疗的最新研究进展，并探讨耐药后的治疗策略，以期为这种致命疾病探索更好的干预措施。

Abstract:

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma characterized by rapid growth and metastasis. Initial treatment with chemotherapy has demonstrated high sensitivity in SCLC patients, particularly platinum-based chemotherapy which significantly improves survival rates. However, the development of resistance to chemotherapy in most patients leads to a poor prognosis. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a novel approach for treating SCLC by activating or enhancing the patient's immune system to recognize and target tumor cells. Nevertheless, understanding and overcoming mechanisms of chemoresistance and immunotherapy resistance remain crucial for guiding personalized clinical treatments. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest research progress on chemical treatment, mechanisms underlying chemoresistance, and immunotherapy in SCLC patients while exploring therapeutic strategies post-resistance development to develop more effective intervention measures for this lethal disease.